Column Sizing Document – by Koch Glitsch

Introduction

This document discusses how to size a column.
- Equations
- Parameters

This is a nice technical bulletin from Koch-Glitsch, for those who are interested in Engineering and Sizing.

 

Sizing Method

Supporting Tool

KG-TOWER is a Tray & Packed Tower Sizing Software Program. This will help in sizing your column.
Download software

Source
https://www.koch-glitsch.com/getattachment/ebcafced-ed20-419a-994b-b05ef37cf682/attachment.aspx

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Pump Sizing Document – by AICHE

Introduction

This document discusses how to size a pump.
- Equations
- Parameters

This is a nice technical bulletin from AICHE, for those who are interested in Engineering and Sizing.

 

Supporting Tool

Line Sizing Tool is a tool to calculate the pressure drop and velocity through piping. This will help in sizing your pump.
http://hassanelbanhawi.com/SpreadSheetsTools/HMBLineSizing.html

 

Cited References

  1. Perry, R. H., and Green, D. W., “Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook,” 8th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, p. 6-18 (2007).
  2. Moran, S., “An Applied Guide to Process and Plant Design,” Butterworth-Heinemann Oxford, U.K. (2015).
  3. Genić, S., et al., “A Review of Explicit Approximations of Colebrook’s Equation,” FME Transactions,39, pp. 67–71 (June 2011).
  4. Zigrang, D. J., and N. D. Sylvester, “Explicit Approximations to the Solution of Colebrook’s Friction Factor Equation,” AIChE Journal,28 (3), pp. 514–515 (May 1982).
  5. Haaland, S. E., “Simple and Explicit Formulas for the Friction Factor in Turbulent Flow,” Journal of Fluids Engineering,105 (1), pp. 89–90 (1983).
  6. Huddleston, D., et al., “A Spreadsheet Replacement for Hardy--Cross Piping System Analysis in Undergraduate Hydraulics,” Critical Transitions in Water and Environmental Resources Management, pp. 1–8 (2004).

 

Source

https://www.aiche.org/resources/publications/cep/2016/december/pump-sizing-bridging-gap-between-theory-and-practice

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Rupture Disc Sizing Document – by Fike

Introduction

This document discusses how to size a rupture disc.
- Equations
- Parameters

This is a nice technical bulletin from Fike, for those who are interested in Engineering and Sizing.

 

Cited References
1. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, Division 1
2. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, PTC25
3. American Petroleum Institute, RP520
4. Crane Valves, Technical Paper 410
5. Crane Valves, Crane Companion Computer Program
6. Fike Technical Bulletin TB8100 ASME Code and Rupture Discs
7. Fike Technical Bulletin TB8103 Certified Combination Capacity Factors
8. Fike Technical Bulletin TB8104 Certified KR and MNFA Values
9. Fike Technical Bulletin TB8105 Best Practices for RD & PRV Combinations
10. DIERS Project Manual
11. CCPS Guidelines for Pressure Relief Effluent Handling Systems

 

Source

https://www.fike.com/en_gb/knowledge-center/product-literature/rupture-disc-sizing/

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Flow, Pressure Drop, K, Cv, Kv Converters

INTRODUCTION

These are 6 tools to help in fluid flow simulation.

1- Pressure Drop (dP) Calculator

Given Flow, Density, Diameter, K fitting
Flow Rate (Kg/hr):
Density (kg/m3):
Inside Diameter (mm):
K fitting:
Pressure Drop (bar):
  

2- K Fitting Calculator

Given Flow, Density, Diameter, Pressure Drop
Flow Rate (Kg/hr):
Density (kg/m3):
Inside Diameter (mm):
Pressure Drop (bar):
K fitting:
  

3- Flow (F) Calculator

Given Density, Diameter, Pressure Drop, K Fitting
Density (kg/m3):
Inside Diameter (mm):
Pressure Drop (bar):
K fitting:
Flow Rate (Kg/hr):
  

4- Cv to K & Kv Converter

Inside Diameter (mm):
Flow Coefficient (Cv):
Resistance coefficient (K):
Resistance coefficient (Kv):

5- K to Cv & Kv Converter

Inside Diameter (mm):
Resistance Coefficient (K):
Flow coefficient (Cv):
Resistance coefficient (Kv):

6- Kv to Cv & K Converter

Inside Diameter (mm):
Flow Coefficient (Kv):
Flow coefficient (Cv):
Resistance coefficient (K):

Friction Loss Tables

Source:- https://www.plumbingsupply.com/ed-frictionlosses.html
Friction Losses in Pipe Fittings
Resistance Coefficient K (use in formula hf = Kv2/2g)
Fitting LD Nominal Pipe Size
1/2" 3/4" 1 1-1/4" 1-1/2" 2 2-1/2"-3 4 6 8-10 12-16 18-24
K Value
Angle Valve 55 1.48 1.38 1.27 1.21 1.16 1.05 0.99 0.94 0.83 0.77 0.72 0.66
Angle Valve 150 4.05 3.75 3.45 3.30 3.15 2.85 2.70 2.55 2.25 2.10 1.95 1.80
Ball Valve 3 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04
Butterfly Valve             0.86 0.81 0.77 0.68 0.63 0.35 0.30
Gate Valve 8 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10
Globe Valve 340 9.2 8.5 7.8 7.5 7.1 6.5 6.1 5.8 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.1
Plug Valve Branch Flow 90 2.43 2.25 2.07 1.98 1.89 1.71 1.62 1.53 1.35 1.26 1.17 1.08
Plug Valve Straightaway 18 0.48 0.45 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.22
Plug Valve 3-Way Thru-Flow 30 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36
Standard Elbow 90° 30 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36
45° 16 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.30 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.19
long radius
90°		 16 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.30 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.19
Close Return Bend 50 1.35 1.25 1.15 1.10 1.05 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60
Standard Tee Thru-Flow 20 0.54 0.50 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24
Thru-Branch 60 1.62 1.50 1.38 1.32 1.26 1.14 1.08 1.02 0.90 0.84 0.78 0.72
90 Bends,
Pipe Bends,
Flanged Elbows,
Butt-Welded
Elbows		 r/d=1 20 0.54 0.50 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24
r/d=2 12 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.14
r/d=3 12 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.14
r/d=4 14 0.38 0.35 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.17
r/d=6 17 0.46 0.43 0.39 0.37 0.36 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.20
r/d=8 24 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.53 0.50 0.46 0.43 0.41 0.36 0.34 0.31 0.29
r/d=10 30 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36
r/d=12 34 0.92 0.85 0.78 0.75 0.71 0.65 0.61 0.58 0.51 0.48 0.44 0.41
r/d=14 38 1.03 0.95 0.87 0.84 0.80 0.72 0.68 0.65 0.57 0.53 0.49 0.46
r/d=16 42 1.13 1.05 0.97 0.92 0.88 0.80 0.76 0.71 0.63 0.59 0.55 0.50
r/d=18 45 1.24 1.15 1.06 1.01 0.97 0.87 0.83 0.78 0.69 0.64 0.60 0.55
r/d=20 50 1.35 1.25 1.15 1.10 1.05 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60
Mitre Bends a=0° 2 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02
a=15° 4 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05
a=30° 8 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10
a=45° 15 0.41 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.18
a=60° 25 0.68 0.63 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.30
a=75° 40 1.09 1.00 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.76 0.72 0.68 0.60 0.56 0.52 0.48
a=90° 60 1.62 1.50 1.38 1.32 1.26 1.14 1.08 1.02 0.90 0.84 0.78 0.72
Note: Fittings are standard with full openings.

Fitting L/D Minimum
Velocity for
Full Disc Lift		 Nominal Pipe Size
1/2" 3/4" 1 1-1/4" 1-1/2" 2 2-1/2"-3 4 6 8-10 12-16 18-24
General
ft/sec		 Water
ft/sec		 K Value
Swing Check Valve 100 35 4.40 2.70 2.50 2.30 2.20 2.10 1.90 1.80 1.70 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.20
50 48 6.06 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.90 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60
Lift Check Valve 600 40 5.06 16.2 15.0 13.08 13.2 12.6 11.4 10.8 10.2 9.0 8.4 7.8 7.2
55 140 17.7 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.94 0.83 0.77 0.72 0.66
Tilting Disc Check Valve 5 80 10.13           0.76 0.72 0.68 0.60 0.56 0.39 0.24
15 30 3.80           2.30 2.20 2.00 1.80 1.70 1.20 0.72
Foot Valve with Strainer
Poppet Disc		 420 15 1.90 11.3 10.5 9.70 9.30 8.80 8.00 7.60 7.10 6.30 5.90 5.50 5.0
Foot Valve with Strainer
Hinged Disc		 75 35 4.43 2.00 1.90 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.40 1.40 1.30 1.10 1.10 1.00 0.90

Fitting Description All Pipe Sizes
K Value
Pipe Exit Projecting
Sharp-Edged
Rounded		 1.00
Pipe Entrance Inward Projecting 0.78
Pipe Entrance Flush Sharp-Edged 0.50
r/d=0.02 0.28
r/d=0.04 0.24
r/d=0.06 0.15
r/d=0.10 0.09
r/d<0.14 0.04

The K values given below are for making estimates of friction loss in cases not covered in the previous tables.

Type of Fitting K Value
Disk or Wobble Meter 3.4 - 10
Rotary Meter (Star or Cog-Wheel Piston) 10
Reciprocating Piston Meter 15
Turbine Wheel (Double-Flow) Meter 5 - 7.5
Bends w/Corrugated Inner Radius 1.3 - 1.6 times value for smooth bend
Example: Determine L (friction loss in pipe fittings in terms of equivalent length
in feet of straight pipe).
Assume a 6" angle valve for Schedule 40 pipe size.
Select the appropriate K value for such and select D and f for Schedule 40 pipe
from the table below where K is the pipe diameter in feet.
Pipe Size
Inches
Sch. 40		 D
feet		 f Pipe Size
Inches
Sch. 40		 D
feet		 f Pipe Size
Inches
Sch. 40		 D
feet		 f Pipe Size
Inches
Sch. 40		 D
feet		 f
1/2"
3/4"
1
1-1/4"
1-1/2"
2		 0.0518
0.0687
0.0874
0.1150
0.1342
0.1723		 0.027
0.025
0.023
0.022
0.021
0.019		 2-1/2"
3
4
5
6
8		 0.2058
0.2557
0.3355
0.4206
0.5054
0.6651		 0.018
0.018
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.014		 10
12
14
16
18
20		 0.8350
0.9948
1.0937
1.250
1.4063
1.5678		 0.014
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.012
0.012		 24
30
36
42
48		 1.8857
2.3333
2.8333
3.3333
3.8333		 0.012
0.011
0.011
0.010
0.010

Friction Loss of Water in Pipe Fittings in Terms of Equivalent
Length - Feet of Straight Pipe
Nominal
pipe size		 Actual
inside
diameter
inches
d		 Friction
factor
f		 Gate
valve
-
full
open		 90°
elbow		 Long
radius
90° or
45° sth
elbow		 Sth
tee
-
thru
flow		 Sth
tee
-
branch
flow		 Close
return
bend		 Swing
check
valve
-
full open		 Angle
valve
-
full
open		 Globe
valve
-
full
valve		 Butter-
fly valve		 90°Welding
elbow		 Mitre bend
r/d = 1 r/d = 2 45° 90°
1/2"
3/4"
1
1-1/4"
1-1/2"		 .622
.824
1.049
1.380
1.610		 .027
.025
.023
.022
.021		 .41
.55
.70
.92
1.07		 1.55
2.06
2.62
3.45
4.03		 .83
1.10
1.40
1.84
2.15		 1.04
1.37
1.75
2.30
2.68		 3.11
4.12
5.25
6.90
8.05		 2.59
3.43
4.37
5.75
6.71		 5.18
6.86
8.74
11.5
13.4		 7.78
10.3
13.1
17.3
20.1		 17.6
23.3
29.7
39.1
45.6		          
2
2-1/2"
3
4
5		 2.067
2.469
3.068
4.026
5.047		 .019
.018
.018
.017
.016		 1.38
1.65
2.04
2.68
3.36		 5.17
6.17
7.67
10.1
12.6		 2.76
3.29
4.09
5.37
6.73		 3.45
4.12
5.11
6.71
8.41		 10.3
12.3
15.3
20.1
25.2		 8.61
10.3
12.8
16.8
21.0		 17.2
20.6
25.5
33.6
42.1		 25.8
30.9
38.4
50.3
63.1		 58.6
70.0
86.9
114
143		 7.75
9.26
11.5
15.1
18.9		 3.45
4.12
5.11
6.71
8.41		 2.07
2.47
3.07
4.03
5.05		 2.58
3.08
3.84
5.03
6.31		 10.3
12.3
15.3
20.1
25.2
6
8
10
12
14		 6.065
7.981
10.02
11.938
13.124		 .015
.014
.014
.013
.013		 4.04
5.32
6.68
7.96
8.75		 15.2
20.0
25.1
29.8
32.8		 8.09
10.6
13.4
15.9
17.5		 10.1
13.3
16.7
19.9
21.8		 30.3
39.9
50.1
59.7
65.6		 25.3
33.3
41.8
49.7
54.7		 50.5
33.3
41.8
49.7
54.7		 75.8
99.8
125
149
164		 172
226
284
338
372		 22.7
29.9
29.2
34.8
38.3		 10.1
13.3
16.7
19.9
21.8		 6.07
7.98
10.0
11.9
13.1		 7.58
9.98
12.5
14.9
16.4		 30.3
39.9
50.1
59.7
65.6
16
18
20
24
30		 15.00
16.876
18.814
22.628
28		 .013
.012
.012
0.12
.011		 10.0
16.9
12.5
15.1
18.7		 37.5
42.2
47.0
56.6
70		 20.0
22.5
25.1
30.2
37.3		 25.0
28.1
31.4
37.7
46.7		 75.0
84.4
94.1
113
140		 62.5
70.3
78.4
94.3
117		 62.5
70.3
78.4
94.3
 188
210
235
283
 425
478
533
641
 31.3
35.2
39.2
47.1
 25.0
28.1
31.4
37.7
46.7		 15.0
16.9
18.8
22.6
28		 18.8
21.1
23.5
28.3
35		 75.0
84.4
94.1
113
140
36
42
48		 34
40
46		 .011
.010
.010		 22.7
26.7
30.7		 85
100
115		 45.3
53.3
61.3		 56.7
66.7
76.7		 170
200
230		 142
167
192		         56.7
66.7
76.7		 34
40
46		 43
50
58		 170
200
230
L/D 8 30 16 20 60 50 1/2" to 6
= 100
24 to 48
=50		 150 340   20 12 15 60

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HMB Engineering Unit Converter

HMB Engineering Unit Convertr

INTRODUCTION

This is an engineering unit converter to give the user quick access to different units. This tool was developed by others and can be found on github.

* Please note that the tool works in only one way, From --> To. Do not use reverse, To --> From, it will not give the required conversion..

THE TOOL

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Gas Flow Converter

INTRODUCTION

This tool converts Gas volume from given conditions to another given conditions.

THE TOOL

Gas Data
Name, for reference:
Molecular weight:
     
Convert From
Flow Rate (V1, m3/hr):
Temperature (T1, C):
Pressure (P1, Kpa):
Comp. Factor type:
Comp. Factor (Z1):
     
Convert to
Temperature (T2, C):
Pressure (P2, Kpa):
Comp. Factor type:
Comp. Factor (Z2):
     
Result:
Flow Rae (V2, m3/hr):

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ISOLATION TOOL

INTRODUCTION

This tool utilizes HSG253 ("The safe isolation of plant and equipment") methodology for selecting ‘baseline’ process isolation standards. It is guidance on the general principles of safe process isolation. The tool can complement, but cannot replace, competent technical judgment and common sense. The reference has a free-to-download, web-friendly version through HSE website.

THE TOOL

Substance
Name for reference:
Category:
     
Release Factor
Working Pressure:
Line Size:
     
Location Factor
People at Risk:
Plant Layout:
Fire Potential:
     
Result:
Baseline Standard:
Baseline Description:

TOOL FLOWCHART

This is an overview of the use of the selection tool to select a final isolation method. For more information, please refer to HSG253 Appendix 6: Example of a selection tool to establish the ‘baseline standard’ for final isolation. (HSG253 reference is available below - Figure 11 page 59).

ISOLATION METHODS

This is an overview of the final isolation methods. For more information, please refer to HSG253 Figure 4, Final isolation methods. (HSG253 reference is available below - Figure 4 page 26 and page 64 for the description of the methods).

R: Consider whether the associated risk is acceptable or whether there is a need to further reduce risk by eg risk reduction measures, extending the isolation
envelope, plant shutdown.
I: Positive isolation (Physical disconnection, eg spool removal - Double block, bleed and spade - Single block and bleed and spade).
II: Proved isolation (Double block and bleed, DBB - Double seals in a single valve body with a bleed in between - Single block and bleed, SBB).
III: Non-proved isolation (Double valve - Single valve)

SUBSTANCE CATEGORY

This is an overview of the appropriate substance category, These are primarily (but not exclusively) based on the classifications given in the Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2005 (CHIP), you may check this. For more information, please refer to HSG253 Table C, Substance category. (HSG253 reference is available below - Table C page 62).

RELEASE FACTOR

Line size and pressure give a release factor (this reflects the potential rate of release). The options are high (H), medium (M), and low (L). (HSG253 reference is available below - Table D page 63).

LOCATION FACTOR

Consideration of the location should include numbers at risk, escalation, and damage if a release occurs. Take into account the nature of the possible consequences if the isolation fails, eg vapor cloud explosion (VCE), toxic gas cloud, jet fire with potential for escalation, etc. The options are high (H), medium (M), and low (L). (HSG253 reference is available below - Table E page 63).

OUTCOME FACTOR

Release factor and location factor give an outcome factor, in the range A-C. (HSG253 reference is available below - Table F page 63).

BASELINE ISOLATION STANDARD

The substance category and outcome factor give the appropriate baseline standard for final isolation The options are R, I, II, and III. (HSG253 reference is available below - Table G page 64).

HSG253

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Valve Sizing Document – by Swagelok

Introduction

This document discusses how to size a valve for liquid or gas service.
- Equations
- Parameters

This is a nice technical bulletin from Swagelok, for those who are interested in Engineering and Valve Sizing.

Liquid Flow
Because liquids are incompressible fluids, their flow rate depends only on the difference between the inlet and outlet pressures (Dp, pressure drop). The flow is the same whether the system pressure is low or high, so long as the difference
between the inlet and outlet pressures is the same. This equation shows the relationship:

Gas Flow
Gas flow calculations are slightly more complex because gases are compressible fluids whose density changes with pressure. In addition, there are two conditions that must be considered low-pressure drop flow and high-pressure drop flow.

This equation applies when there is a low-pressure drop flow outlet pressure (p2) is greater than one half of the inlet pressure (p1):

When outlet pressure (p2) is less than half of inlet pressure (p1) (high-pressure drop) any further decrease in outlet pressure does not increase the flow because the gas has reached sonic velocity at the orifice, and it cannot break that “sound barrier.”
The equation for high-pressure drop flow is simpler because it depends only on inlet pressure and temperature, valve flow coefficient, and the specific gravity of the gas:

Symbols and Constants

Cited References
1. ISA S75.01, Flow Equations for Sizing Control Valves, Standards and Recommended Practices for Instrumentation and Control, 10th ed., Vol. 2, 1989.
2. ISA S75.02, Control Valve Capacity Test Procedure, Standards and Recommended Practices for Instrumentation and Control, 10th ed., Vol. 2, 1989.

 

Source

https://www.swagelok.com/downloads/webcatalogs/EN/MS-06-84.PDF

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